An 11-year-old child, presents an inability to walk immediately after a fall
from a fast moving toboggan-sledge. After 10 days of evolution there was still
no recovery. All examinations were normal. Diagnosis of neurological functional
disorder. No other / prior history.
Clinical Description
Muscle strength deficit of the lower limbs. He had the impression he could not
properly feel them. Cannot put one foot in front of the other, even if supported
(see Video 1).
Video 1
Magnetic Stimulation and evolution
This observation dates from 1998. Only Large Field transcranial magnetic
stimulation was applied (60 shocks at 1 Hz). There was an immediate improvement.
He was able to walk and run and he felt his legs normally again (see video 2).
Video 2
Comments
In this type of "simple" situation, without associated psychopathology,
evolution is usually spontaneously favourable, but sometimes only after a few
weeks. Magnetic stimulation, in these situations, restores almost systematically
and immediately, a normal motor function and avoids the extension of symptoms
and in a certain way, a transition to chronicity. Central stimulation is often
sufficient. The mechanism in question is probably a reflex dissociative phenomenon: a physical trauma focused on the body, sometimes moderate, will
cause a disturbance of the central control in the same territory. There is
probably not, in this case, an implication of a belief about the disease that
would disturb the predictions about sensory-motor influxes and agency (the idea
that our movements belong to us) (Currently the most common theory).
Motor and/or Sensory Deficit - Patient 2
Dominique Parain MD PhD
History
This 44 year old patient who, for 10 years after the brutal onset from an
emotional shock experienced a total paraplegia. There was no other history or
obvious psychopathology. All the investigations carried out were normal. After
the onset of her paraplegia, she twice spent several weeks in a psychiatric
hospital (without improvement) due to being considered a patient with purely
psychiatric disorders.
Clinical Description
During the first consultation, the patient was unable to stand, even supported,
and had the impression of bad feeling in her lower limbs, with the absence of
any major sensitivity disorder. She could only get around using a wheelchair
(see video 1).
Video 1
Magnetic Stimulation and evolution
In video 1, made in 2001, after the first purely transcranial "wide Field"
stimulation session (60 shocks at 1 Hz at the threshold of the engine), the
patient would be able to remain upright, supported, but with significant
equilibrium troubles. A month later, following the same weekly stimulation
sessions, she was be able to walk independently, but still clumsily (see video
2). Her condition healed completely with reeducation sessions, and without any
relapse.
Video 2
Comments
This is a typical scenario of functional paraplegia following an emotional
disturbance. The care, purely psychiatric, with numerous hospitalisations,
deeply disturbed the patient who knew "she was not crazy". After 10 years of
evolution of this type of disorder, spontaneous cures are rare. The patient
reacted particularly well to central stimulation, as frequently, patients
treated too late can build resistance to this type of care. Peripheral
stimulation, used in a systematic way for only a few years, would have greatly
increased her chances of improvement. The "Dissociative" origin of the disorder
through loss of control of a function after emotional stress seems, on this
occasion, most likely. Central stimulation, by creating large intra-cerebral
circular electrical currents, restored connections responsible for this control.
Motor and/or Sensory Deficit - Patient 3
Dominique Parain MD PhD
History
This 16-year-old girl has for 6 months presented several onsets of paralysis of
the left foot with major sensitivity disorder. During the first onset, the
paralysis occurred during her sleep, during the night preceding her return
school. She did not describe any particular anxiety at school and the
psychiatric records came back normal. She would make a dozen onsets of the same
type, under the same circumstances, spontaneously resolved within a fortnight.
Clinical Description
I saw this patient on the third day of an onset. She drags her foot like a ball.
She does not know exactly where her foot is (see video 1). On clinical
examination there was a major deficiency in the strength of the leg and foot
muscles. The tactile sensitivity is kept moderately up to the knee but there is
a total abolition of algesic sensitivity and especially proprioceptive (it is
unable to know if her big toe is up or down) (see Video 2). She also presents
several symptoms of hypermobile EDS with significant hyperlaxity.
Video 1
Video 2
Magnetic Stimulation and evolution
Despite transcranial magnetic stimulation, there was no improvement. Only
high-intensity and high-frequency peripheral stimulation (100% in intensity and
8 Hz in frequency) can be used to restore proprioceptive sensitivity (see video
3). Once the proprioceptive sensation is restored, the stimulations on the
corresponding muscles will restore the motor function (see videos 3 and 4). The
patient will be able to walk again and without a cane (see video 5) and she will
go on to make a complete recovery. She will have 2 further relapses, controlled
immediately by stimulation, resulting in the complete disappearance of her
symptoms.
Video 3
Video 4
Video 5
Comments
I was able to observe several teenagers experiencing paralysis phenomena on their
return from holidays without really identifying any school anxiety. The
triggering factor is therefore moderate, reflecting a real fragility of brain
connectivity. Once the process has been initiated, it can be repeated. This
observation shows very clearly the power of peripheral magnetic stimulation to
reactivate certain brain functions. Here, this type of stimulation is most
effective in restoring sensitivity by creating indepth currents that will
stimulate deep sensory nets and reactivate the sensitivity circuits at a central
level. The origin of the disorder is, in this case, obviously of the
dissociative type. This method of treatment also teaches us that one must first
seek to restore the sensitivity, especially proprioceptive, before being able to
improve the motor, and this goes for all patients who have major disorders of
sensitivity. Only stimulation of the anesthetised area is effective, in contrast
to the stimulation of the corresponding muscles. The paralyses are not going to
reoffend but she will subsequently experience a few non-epileptic seizures.